Galerkin and Runge-Kutta methods: unified formulation, a posteriori error estimates and nodal superconvergence

We unify the formulation and analysis of Galerkin and Runge–Kutta methods for the time discretization of parabolic equations. This, together with the concept of reconstruction of the approximate solutions, allows us to establish a posteriori superconvergence estimates for the error at the nodes for all methods.